Paradigma Ilmu: Klasik, Modern, Posmodern

Abstract

The purpose of this article is to examine the history of the philosophy of science during the classical and medieval periods. Philosophy is regarded as the mother of all sciences; as such, it serves as the starting point for the development of the various scientific disciplines that are rapidly advancing today. Philosophy has evolved through a long historical process, beginning in the classical era, continuing through the medieval and modern periods, and remaining relevant up to the present day. Numerous Western philosophers have contributed their ideas and reflections to advance the progress of knowledge. The discussion shows that philosophy and science are closely interconnected: the emergence of science cannot be separated from the role of philosophy, and conversely, the development of science strengthens and enriches the existence of philosophy. Philosophy transformed the mindset of the ancient Greeks from a myth-based worldview to a rational one based on logos. This shift gave rise to various branches of knowledge, which have continued to develop from ancient Greece through to the modern era.