Epistemologi Spiritual dalam Tafsir Sufi: Analisis terhadap Metode dan Validitas Pengetahuan Isyārī

Khairul Rahman; Erlis Anugrah; La Ode Ismail Ahmad

Authors

M. Khairul Rahman Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar, Indonesia
Erlis Anugrah Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar, Indonesia
La Ode Ismail Ahmad Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar, Indonesia

Keywords:

Spiritual Epistemology, Isyārī Knowledge, Sufi Exegesis

Abstract

Spiritual epistemology is one of the paradigms of knowledge in Islam that recognizes revelation, reason, and spiritual experience as legitimate sources of attaining truth. This paradigm provides the foundation for the development of Sufi exegesis (tafsīr ṣūfī), particularly in interpreting the isyārī (esoteric) meanings of the Qur’an through inner spiritual experiences attained by means of self-purification. This study aims to analyze spiritual epistemology in Sufi exegesis by focusing on the sources of knowledge, the methods of acquiring spiritual knowledge, and the epistemological validity of isyārī interpretation. This research employs a qualitative library research approach with a philosophical analysis of both classical and contemporary literature. The findings reveal that spiritual knowledge is constructed through the integration of revelation, reason, and intuition, acquired through tazkiyat al-nafs (purification of the soul), riyāḍah (spiritual discipline), mujāhadah (spiritual striving), kashf (unveiling), ilhām (divine inspiration), as well as the spiritual journey through maqāmāt (stations) and aḥwāl (states). The validity of spiritual knowledge is determined by its conformity with the Qur’an and the Sunnah, its consistency with the outward (ẓāhir) meaning of the Qur’anic text, and its adherence to the principles of Islamic law (sharī’ah) and the established rules of Qur’anic exegesis. Therefore, isyārī knowledge possesses epistemological legitimacy as one of the approaches to understanding the inner dimensions of the Qur’an.

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