Pelindungan Anak di Ruang Digital dalam Perspektif Hadis: Integrasi Pengasuhan dan Kebijakan Media Sosial

Abstract

Children’s use of social media provides educational and communicative benefits, yet it also increases the risks of cyberbullying, online sexual exploitation, misuse of personal data, exposure to harmful content, and problematic digital use. Indonesia has responded through child protection policies governing electronic systems and restricting access to high-risk digital platforms. This study aims to analyse child protection principles in Prophetic traditions, assess their relevance to social media restriction policies, and formulate a digital parenting model involving parents, the state, schools, communities, and platform providers. It employs library research, thematic hadith analysis, and policy analysis. Traditions concerning ri’āyah, prevention of harm, compassion, gradual education, exemplary conduct, and preservation of human nature are examined textually, intertextually, and contextually. The findings show that child protection cannot rely solely on age restrictions and technical supervision. The concept of ri’āyah positions parents as educators, protectors, companions, and role models in developing children’s moral competence in digital spaces. The principle of lā ḍarar supports risk-based restrictions while rejecting excessive surveillance that damages children’s trust and privacy. The principles of raḥmah and tadarruj require communication, age-appropriate assistance, and gradual autonomy. Policy effectiveness also depends on safe platform design, personal data protection, proportionate age verification, family digital literacy, and accessible reporting and recovery mechanisms. This study therefore proposes the Prophetic Digital Safeguarding model, comprising protective restriction, participatory supervision, prophetic digital literacy, platform accountability, and gradual digital autonomy, so that child protection becomes a collaborative responsibility safeguarding children’s safety, dignity, rights, development, and participation within increasingly complex digital environments.